While political party leaders are often quick to affix their signatures to codes of conduct for democratic elections, it is their behavior during campaigns – the degree to which actions mirror commitments – that matters. Macedonian citizens have seen adherence to codes of conduct improve over eight elections in the past decade.

Nigeria’s April presidential and parliamentary elections have largely been viewed as a step forward from the seriously flawed polls of the past, with much credit going to the leadership of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC).

The INEC chairman, Dr. Attahiru Jega, discussed the accomplishments and challenges faced by the commission at a May 10 Washington, D.C., event organized by NDI along with the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) and the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS).