This guide was developed by NDI’s citizen participation team and primarily explores the work that the Institute and its partner groups have conducted across five types of political-process monitoring – legislative monitoring; budget monitoring, budget advocacy and expenditure tracking; shadow reporting; monitoring government follow-through; and election campaign-related monitoring. The guide is based upon qualitative research conducted over a one-year period that included a desk review of NDI program materials and interviews with select NDI staff members and local partners.